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1-5 支撐末期–下肢伸直程度
4 月
【論文導讀】1-5 支撐末期–下肢伸直程度
70年代開始，攝影機被引進運動科學領域觀察“姿勢”，2016 Moore整理40多年跑姿分析的結論發現最有可能與經濟性相關的參數，發生在支撐末期。四十年的跑姿分析，觀察過大腿前抬與後伸程度，膝關節彎曲速度，踝關節活動到後足還是前足落地與跑步經濟性的關係。
因各人身形差異，早先比較不同跑者之間的跑姿時無法結論出對經濟性甚至表現或運動傷害的關係。實驗因此針對單一族群給予6～10週訓練介入。觀察隨著跑者進步，有利經濟性的跑姿變化。
雖跑步需全身(核心與擺臂)的優化，但雙腿還是支撐並將身體推進的關鍵，因此被學者先行探討。
擺盪，讓跑者邁開步伐；支撐，則把身體向前推進。支撐期可再細分: 觸地初期(註1)、支撐中期(註2)、支撐末期(註3)。其中被作者整理出與經濟性最相關的參數都在支撐末期。2012, Moore自己團隊，研究初學女性跑者接受10週的訓練課表中發現，與跑步經濟性改善相關的參數有：支撐末期膝伸直與踝蹠屈的角度變小(註4)，是各數據(註5)中最顯著相關的。作者討論時認為，下肢”適度”伸直把身體垂直推離地面，若伸太直，可能導致接下來擺盪期的收腿消耗更多能量。
因此，#支撐末期下肢伸直程度 可能值得做為訓練與及時回饋調控跑姿的觀察指標。
研究限制：2012單一研究中看似找到這個指標，且作者引用支持己論的文章也遠自1987年William的研究，發現支撐末期膝關節彎曲大在菁英女選手身上亦有利經濟性。下集預告：跨步角度—影像數據化跑者飛行註
觸地初期指腳剛剛落地。研究會記錄數據有：後足/中足/前足落腳方式、小腿與空間夾角。
支撐中期是膝關節彎曲最大的時候，通常此時的地面反作用力也最大
支撐末期是推蹬到最後腳即將離地
代表伸直肌群如股四頭，腓腸/比目魚等肌肉處於較拉伸且有利發力狀態。顯示跑者有效應用前段收縮。接著亦能更輕易將腿前擺。
常量測的下肢生物力學參數有大腿後伸前抬程度、膝關節彎曲角度、踝關節移動速度或落腳方式等
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